Facts about Jose Rizal Essay

Jose P. Rizal, a man of excellent ability and insight, is the National Hero of the Philippines. That’s a reality (and may be the main actuality) that each Filipino thinks about Jose Rizal. One may ask, â€Å"How about his name?† Well, that may be uncomfortable in light of the fact that his complete name is Josã © Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda. Let’s be straightforward that on the off chance that we will be gotten some information about certain things identified with Rizal without the assistance of any references, we can just say less. On the off chance that that’s intrigue you, at that point here are a few fascinating realities about Dr. Jose P. Rizal. Most Filipinos don’t think about these random data about Jose Rizal †confirm it yourself if you’re a Filipino. At age two, Jose Rizal could as of now compose and read. He composed his first sonnet at 8 years old entitled ‘Sa Aking Mga Kababata’ (To My Fellow Youth). Much the same as different Filipinos who are excitedly trying their karma to win the lottery, Rizal additionally joined such kind of betting where he won 33% of the great prize (Php 18,000.00) with ticket number 9736. He gave a segment to his dad, a companion in Hong Kong and he spent the rest purchasing agrarian grounds in Talisay. He aced 22 dialects: Hebrew, Filipino, Ilokano, Bisayan, Subanon, Chinese, Latin, Spanish, Greek, English, French, German, Arabic, Malay, Sanskrit, Dutch, Japanese, Catalan, Italian, Portugese, Swedish and Russian. Rizal was unreasonably little for his age and made him an objective of Pedro’s tormenting, offending Pepe before different understudies at the school of Maestro Justiniano Cruz. Outfitted with his Uncle Miguel’s lessons about the specialty of wrestling, Rizal tested Pedro to a fistfight. Rizal won and got well known as he substantiated himself a commendable adversary. Rizal could show a lot of mockery in light of his adoration for his nation. Whyâ and how? Back in Dapitan when he got three guests in his home in Talisay, he offered the lady named Donya Manuela with Bagoong. The woman overlooked the bagoong saying that they don't eat bagoong in their nation since it contains worms. With that, Rizal reacted saying that he had been in her nation and individuals there eat little winged animals without taking out digestive organs. During his outcast in Dapitan, he had the option to build up a school where he had 21 students who were never approached to pay for educational cost however was required by Rizal to work for the network. During the class conversation, when his understudies couldn’t answer his inquiries accurately, he would tongue in cheek squeeze his understudies. Rizal is one of only a handful barely any perceived ‘Renaissance man’ on the planet. A Renaissance man is a knowledgeable individual and one who exceeds expectations in a wide assortment of subjects or fields. He was an anthropologist, ethnologist, financial analyst, humanist, instructor, draftsman, engineer, stone worker, painter, writer, author, antiquarian, columnist, rancher, playwright, ophthalmologist, military craftsman, and a cartographer, in addition to other things. Three creature species were named after Rizal; Draco Rizali, a types of flying mythical serpent, Rachophorous Rizali, a types of frog and Apogonia Rizali, a creepy crawly animal varieties. Jose Rizal graduated in Ateneo Municipal de Manila as one of the nine understudies in his group announced as ‘sobresaliente’ or ‘outstanding’. Be that as it may, he didn’t truly top his class when he was in secondary school. They were 10 in class and just 2 of them got low evaluations. So fundamentally, the rest earned a similar evaluation Rizal did. Taking into account that he lived during the last piece of the nineteenth century where the main methods for significant distance travel is by transport, he can be viewed as a very much voyaged man. He voyaged broadly and had been to the United States, Spain, Great Britain, France, Austria, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Italy, Singapore, Borneo, Hong Kong, China and Japan. Not so much as a mogul today could manage the cost of the various and broad goes of Jose Rizal during his time. Rizal’s most celebrated citation: ‘Ang hindi magmahal sa sariling wika, daig dad ang hayop at malansang isda’. (He who doesn't cherish his own language is more awful than a creature and foul fish). Landmarks out of appreciation for Jose Rizal were raised in the Philippines as well as in different pieces of the world like Madrid, Spain; Wilhelmsfeld, Germany; Jinjiang, Fujian, China; Chicago, Cherry Hill Township, San Diego, Seattle, U.S.A.; Mexico City, Mexico; Lima, Peru; Litomerice, Czech Republic; and Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Did you realize that Rizal was tended to by his European darling as the ‘little terrible boy’? Filipinos are really legitimate with themselves saying Rizal was not that attractive †and given the reality he was a man of medium stature and little assembled. Be that as it may, Jose Rizal had his way with ladies †it may be his silliness, information or the manner in which he present himself. On the arrangement of letters that were found to be love messages for Rizal, a Belgian lady named Suzanne composed: ‘There will never be any home wherein you are so cherished as that in Brussels. Along these lines, you terrible kid, hustle back.’ (Halfway related with Fact #13) There are bits of gossip that Rizal was a playboy having a ton of young ladies referenced in his collection of memoirs and up to this point many accept that he truly had a ton of sweethearts however in all actuality he just had barely any genuine connections. Different young ladies were all equitable excursions. what's more, some were outright companions. His sonnet Mi Retiro (My Retreat) was composed when he was wiped out and couldn't work. A strict order named the Rizalista †individuals from Cruzado, claims that Jose Rizal is the rebirth of Jesus Christ. They accept that the execution in Bagumbayan was only a stage that he needed to suffer to be within the sight of God. They additionally accept that Rizal is as yet alive and lives somewhere down in theâ forest of Mount Makiling. There are gossipy tidbits that Rizal’s book entitled El FIlibusterismo was motivated by Alexandre Dumas’ epic The Count of Monte Cristo thinking about that it was really one of Rizal’s most loved stories. Very unordinary for a man going to be executed, however his heartbeat end up being ordinary when the Spanish top health spokesperson mentioned to gauge his heartbeat minutes before Rizal’s execution. Rizal was without a doubt prepared and unafraid of his destiny. On account of his celebrated notoriety as a Casanova, it was accepted that he was engaged with a lovely lady living some place in the fringe of Germany and Austria making individuals spread explanations that Adolf Hitler of Germany and Mao Zedong of China were children of Jose Rizal. The dam he worked in Dapitan was constructed utilizing consumed shells and blocks that were produced using the machine he fabricated. In his letter to his closest companion, he said that the dam was worked by him and fourteen little fellows (his understudies). Filipinos accept that the motivation behind why Rizal was extremely canny is on the grounds that he was brought into the world with a major head. Ambeth R. Ocampo, a multi-granted Filipino student of history, took a few to get back some composure of Rizal’s unique compositions which uncovered Rizal’s markings and side notes of male organ of various sizes that were drawn everywhere throughout the book. Rizal was never actually an authorized specialist. He never graduated medication. Actually, he couldn’t truly be called Doctor. Rizal was never actually a dental specialist. He simply did some self-considering and ‘pretended’ to be one. When Rizal returned, Olimpia, his generally delightful, pregnant sister, was his first patient. He helped her conveyance. Olimpia passed on just as her kid due to profused dying. Furthermore, Rizal noted in his journal: ‘She would’ve kicked the bucket anyway†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Well, that may be a torment reliever joke of him.)

World War II Essays - World War II, Military Strategy, Free Essays

World War II Essays - World War II, Military Strategy, Free Essays World War II In the early morning long stretches of September 1, 1939, the German militaries walked into Poland. On September 3 the British and French astounded Hitler by proclaiming war on Germany, yet they had no designs for rendering dynamic help to the Poles. The Battle of Britain In the late spring of 1940, Hitler ruled Europe from the North Cape to the Pyrenees. His one staying dynamic enemy?Britain, under another head administrator, Winston Churchill?vowed to keep battling. Regardless of whether it could was faulty. The British armed force had left the majority of its weapons on the sea shores at Dunkirk. Stalin was in no disposition to challenge Hitler. The U.S., stunned by the fall of France, started the first peacetime induction in quite a while history and significantly expanded its military spending plan, however popular supposition, albeit thoughtful to Britain, was against getting into the war. The Germans wanted to repress the British by starving them out. In June 1940 they attempted the Battle of the Atlantic, utilizing submarine fighting to cut the British abroad life savers. The Germans currently had submarine bases in Norway and France. At the beginning the Germans had just 28 submarines, yet more were being built?enough to keep Britain in peril until the spring of 1943 and to carry on the fight for quite a long time from that point. Intrusion was the quick method to polish off Britain, yet that implied crossing the English Channel; Hitler would not chance it except if the British flying corps could be killed first. Thus, the Battle of Britain was battled noticeable all around, not on the sea shores. In August 1940 the Germans propelled light attacks against ports and landing strips and in September against inland urban areas. The goal was to draw out the British contenders and wreck them. The Germans neglected to deal with another gadget, radar, which significantly expanded the British warriors' adequacy. Since their own misfortunes were excessively high, the Germans needed to change to late evening bombarding toward the finish of September. Among at that point and May 1941 they made 71 significant assaults on London and 56 on different urban areas, yet the harm they created was too aimless to even think about being militarily definitive. On September 17, 1940, Hitler delayed the attack uncertainly, in this mann er yielding annihilation in the Battle of Britain. U.S. Help to Britain The U.S. surrendered exacting lack of bias in the European war and moved toward a showdown with Japan in Asia and the Pacific Ocean. U.S. what's more, British meetings, started in January 1941, decided a fundamental procedure for the occasion of a U.S. passage into the war, in particular, that both would fixate their exertion on Germany, leaving Japan, if need be, to be managed later. In March 1941 the U.S. Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act and appropriated an underlying $7 billion to loan or rent weapons and other guide to any nations the president may assign. By this implies the U.S. would have liked to guarantee triumph over the Axis without including its own soldiers. By pre-fall of 1941, in any case, the U.S. was in a condition of undeclared war with Germany. In July, U.S. Marines were positioned in Iceland, which had been involved by the British in May 1940, and from that point the U.S. Naval force assumed control over the assignment of accompanying guards in the waters west of Iceland. In September President Franklin D. Roosevelt approved ships on escort obligation to assault Axis war vessels. The German Invasion of the USSR The war's most enormous experience started on the morning of June 22, 1941, when marginally in excess of 3 million German soldiers attacked the USSR. Albeit German arrangements had been noticeable for quite a long time and had been discussed straightforwardly among the ambassadors in Moscow, the Soviet powers were overwhelmed. Stalin, his trust in the nation's military ability shaken by the Finnish war, had would not permit any counteractivity because of a paranoid fear of inciting the Germans. In addition, the Soviet military administration had inferred that quick assault, as it had been rehearsed in Poland and France, would not be conceivable on the size of a Soviet-German war; the two sides would in this manner limit themselves for the initial a little while at any rate to competing along the boondocks. The Soviet armed force had 2.9 million soldiers on the western fringe and dwarfed the Germans by two to one in tanks and by two

And now, for a brief interlude from our regularly scheduled finals whining.

And now, for a brief interlude from our regularly scheduled finals whining. Sometimes, I forget how much I love MIT, and then I realize that the following conversations can literally happen nowhere else in the world. So a few weeks ago, I was heading over to my sorority house to study one Friday night when I ran into a couple of my sisters. Them: Where are you going? me: Back to the house… to study…. Them: False. You’re coming with us. We haven’t seen you all week. me: I mean… okay. I am not a hard sell on the let’s-do-something-besides-work front. Anyways, the problem with this is that I am literally in a pair of free Crocs I got at Notre Dame one time, powder blue men’s basketball shorts, and a navy BoSox hat with my usual black North Face. (No, I do not usually go out in public like this. It was a bad week.) Needless to say, I am not about to walk around Boston in this outfit, so I borrow one person’s jeans and get a shirt from someone else and we’re on our merry way. … and in true MIT fashion, come home a few hours later and camp out in the basement of our house to work. This is not the point of the story, though. The point is that a week or so later, I get the following text from my friend Sarah. Sarah: hey, do you still have my genes? could I get them back sometime? me: i mean, I have like 99.99% of your genes… Sarah: crap. i definitely did not even catch that. i meant jeans. So I give her hard time and promise to drop off the pants at Baker when I get a chance. Fast forward to last night, when the nerdiest, most MIT text exchange I have ever had occurs. And this is why I love MIT. Sarah: Genes? me: crap, I keep falling asleep before I make it back to baker. Will return your genes later tonight… oo la la. Sarah: can I have a copy of reverse transcriptase with that too? I would like to make some cdna… you can be my virus lol me: I’ll do what I can, but remember that you’ll need some dna helicase to unzip these genes. Sarah: as long as you bring ligase… its getting hot in here and something needs to piece me back together. me: no worries, I’m on it. I’ll even bring some primer over to get things started. me: and while this might be the weirdest conversation I have ever had, the good news is that you totally sound ready for 7.013. and I do have your jeans. And yes, this is a conversation between two sorority sisters… only at MIT.

Welcome Spring With These May Day Quotes

May Day  is celebrated on the first of May around the world. While it is a Northern Hemisphere spring holiday, it also coincides with International Workers’ Day. Whether the beauty of spring season in May or the importance of labor, May Day is a fine  time for celebration and good thoughts. The following May Day quotes will add to your celebratory mood. Share them with friends and relive the best moments of your life this May Day. Helen Hunt Jackson O May, sweet-voice one, going thus before, Forever June may pour her warm red wine Of life and passions,--sweeter days are thine! Denis Florence McCarthy Ah! my heart is weary waiting, Waiting for the May: Waiting for the pleasant rambles Where the fragrant hawthorn brambles, Where the woodbine alternating, Scent the dewy way; Ah! my heart is weary, waiting, Waiting for the May. Charlotte Smith Another May new buds and flowers shall bring: Ah! why has happiness no second Spring? Thomas Bailey Aldrich Hebes here, May is here! The air is fresh and sunny; And the miser-bees are busy Hoarding golden honey. William Shakespeare Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summers lease hath all too short a date. As full of spirit as the month of May, and as gorgeous as the sun in Midsummer. Robin Williams Spring is natures way of saying, Lets party! Hal Borland April is a promise that May is bound to keep. Robert Frost The sun was warm but the wind was chill. You know how it is with an April day. Virgil Now every field is clothed with grass, and every tree with leaves; now the woods put forth their blossoms, and the year assumes its gay attire. Arthur Rubenstein The seasons are what a symphony ought to be: four perfect movements in harmony with each other. Gustav Mahler With the coming of spring, I am calm again.

Nathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown - 848 Words

In the short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Nathaniel Hawthorne constructs a thought provoking narrative in which the protagonist, Goodman Brown, leaves his wife, Faith, for the night. While Goodman Brown travels into the dark and evil forest, he encounters a series of temptations by the devil where his faith is overcome by his innocence and curiosity. The character of Goodman Brown symbolizes this loss of innocence and gaining of knowledge throughout the story. Goodman Brown starts off his journey thinking highly of his family. He believes that they â€Å"have been a race of honest men and good Christians, since the days of the martyrs†. The devil replies by telling him â€Å"I have been as well acquainted with your family as with ever a one among the Puritans; and that’s no trifle to say. I helped your grandfather, the constable, when he lashed the Quaker woman so smartly through the streets of Salem.† The devil tries to manipulate Goodman Brown by making him feel that questioning his faith is normal because of his ancestors’ behavior. He tells the devil that he wants to return back to the village for Faith’s sake. While on the path Goodman Brown still thinks highly of the religious leaders in the community even though he begins to doubt his own ancestry. Coming down the path they see Goody Cloyse, â€Å"a very pious and exemplary dame, who had taught him his catechism, in youth, and was still his moral and spiritual advisor†. Goodman Brown is embarrassed to be seen in the forest so heShow MoreRelatedNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1543 Words   |  7 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will break down the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting thanRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1065 Words   |  5 PagesWhen it comes to the topic of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown, most of us will readily agree that duplicity is a major theme in the piece, or the idea of different versions of reality. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of whether Hawthorne is implying that man is inherently evil. Whereas some are convinced that Young Goodman Brown was good until tainted by the Devil, others maintain that he was evil from the beginning and was completely aware of the evil heRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown905 Words   |  4 PagesThough Nathaniel Hawthorne is an author of many great works, his short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† still stays relevant because it has themes and subjects that are relatable in today s world. In the story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Good man Brown leaves his wife Faith, to go into the woods near Salem to have a meeting with the devil. Appearance vs. reality is shown in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† through the plot, the character of Goody Cloyse, and the symbol of the maple staff. The characterRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1312 Words   |  6 PagesWithin Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story Young Goodman Brown (p.317), Young Goodman Brown travels through a dark and mysterious forest late at night. Ignoring the pleas of his pure wife Faith, he ventures deep into the woods with many dangers around him, only to emerge in the morning a changed man with bewildered views on his own Puritan life and the Puritan community around him. At the cause for this change in mindset, the dream of an old man symbolizing the devil appears, showing him the communityRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown Essay1274 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† the devil says, â€Å"Evil is the nature of mankind† (â€Å"Young† 627). Since Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit and attempted to hide conceal their sin from God, humans have tried to hide their sin from others. Although ever yone sin is human nature, everyone has a different reaction to sin. While some acknowledge sin, others ignore it. In Hawthorne’s other short story, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Father Hooper wears a black veil to represent the sin heRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a short story that is filled with symbols and mystery. Nathaniel Hawthorne provides plenty forms of symbolism for readers to digest. Hawthorne displays strong faith as the greatest virtue for a man or woman, and when the faith is compromised, one can be filled with skepticism and uncertainty towards the rest of the world. The story begins as a conventional allegory, creating the expectation that the characters will be able to consistently display the abstractions they symbolizeRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1695 Words   |  7 Pagesstory, Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne is set in Puritan New England. Hawthorne uses symbolism, description, scenery, and Goodman’s journey to illustrate and symbolize the battle of good versus evil. In the first scene, we see how Young Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, to start on his â€Å"evil† journey through the woods. Though Faith asks him to stay with her, he chooses to continue on even though he knows the evilness lies ahead. As the story continues, we see how Hawthorne uses FaithRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1492 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man’s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will breakdown the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society, and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting than NathanielRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown2532 Words   |  11 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† demonstrates how Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, to do an errand within the woods with a man that is believed to be the devil. During the time period in which this took place, the 1620’s, many of the people from the village were practicing Puritanism. Puritanism is an intense practice of religion retrieved from Protestants, only removing its Catholic influence. When Goodman Brown entered the woods to meet the devil, he soon turned intoRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown894 Words   |  4 Pagesread. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, I found several romanticism characteristics to be in this story. One being, the emphasis on feelings and emotions. Nathaniel Hawthorne writes, â€Å"The cry of grief, rage, and terror was yet piercing through the night, when the unhappy husband held his breath for a response.† The cry of anguish and pain are very applicable to the protagonist idea in this story. Brown also expresses feeling when he doesn t want to leave his wife Faith, but he feels that it s his role to

The Milgram Experiment Free Essays

string(173) " actually had to force the learner’s hand onto a shock plate in order to punish him; about 30 percent of subjects continued the variation until the end \(Fermaglich 86\)\." The Milgram Experiment Outline Topic: The Milgram experiment I) The experiment A) Who was involved with the experiment? B) How they got participants C) What the subjects thought was happening i)Learning Task ii) Memory Study iii) Electric shock for wrong answer iv) â€Å"Prods† to continue the shocks D) What actually happened i) It was a test for obedience not memory ii) Vocal response from the victims (staged and set beforehand) II) The results A) How many experiments were performed B) How many people were tested C) How many continued the experiment D) The video of obedience E) What types of people were tested, and what difference that made F) Differences between each test and results G) High levels of stress for subjects III) Why did he do the experiment A) To get an understanding of Nazis B) To prove the â€Å"answer to destructive obedience lay less in the power of personality and more in the power of situation† C) Social projection D) Test the idea that some people consider themselves better than others IV) The reaction A) Self realization B) Unethical i) Manipulation ii) Disregard for rights iii) Negligent of emotional well being C) Argument in ethics caused new rules in APA guidelines V) Applications A) Nazi Germany B) U. S. wars C) Watergate Many experiments have been performed throughout the years. We will write a custom essay sample on The Milgram Experiment or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the most shocking would have to be the Milgram experiment performed by Stanley Milgram. The experiment was to test a person’s â€Å"Obedience to Authority† by seeing if he or she would cause harm to another just because they were told. The idea of obedience has been instilled in people since the time of Cain and Able, with regard to doing as God says. There are multiple reasons for Dr. Milgram to perform this experiment, however, some did not accept this and still believed it to be a violation of the subjects human rights. The results showed that even though people believed they would not cause extreme harm to another, they would if put in the position where they were pressured to by an authoritative person. This resulted in chaos in the psychological community, and concluded in major changes to what is moral, and ethical, under the guidelines provided by APA. However, his results may be used to consider what happened during World War II, along with other U. S. ars, as well as what happened during the Watergate scandal. This experiment was performed many times. It began with Dr. Milgram placing an ad in a New Haven newspaper. The advertisement asked for people between the ages of 20 and 50, those who were not currently attending school, and from all types of professions. It also claimed the experiment would last one hour, and that it was to study memory. Those who participated in the experiment would receive four dollars for participating, and fifty cents for carfare, for the one hour of participation. From this ad, he did not get enough of a response so Dr. Milgram took names from a phone directory, and send fliers in the mail. The experiment itself was performed in the Interaction Laboratory of Yale University. It consisted of two people who were aware of what was happening, one called the â€Å"experimenter,† the person in charge of managing the experiment, and another called, â€Å"the victim. † A third, was one other person involved with the experiment called the â€Å"naive subject† who was the one being tested in this experiment. The experiment called for two different perspectives, which were what the â€Å"naive subject† believed to be happening, and what was really happening. The experiment was set up so that according to the â€Å"naive subject,† â€Å"the victim† was told to memorize a list of word pairs such as: blue box nice day wild duck etc. then in the testing sequence he [the naive subject] would read: blue: sky ink box lamp (Obedience 18). If â€Å"the victim† was able to select the correct corresponding word, the â€Å"naive subject† continued by saying the next word. However, if â€Å"the victim† did not answer correctly, or took too long in answering, the â€Å"naive subject† would have to administer a shock. After each wrong answer, the next wrong answer would result in a stronger shock. The generator, which was to administer the shocks to â€Å"the victim†: Ranged from 15 to 450 volts. The labels showed a 15-volt increment from one switch to the next, going from left to right. In addition, the following verbal designations were clearly indicated for groups of four switches, going from left to right: Slight Shock, Moderate Shock, Strong Shock, Very Strong Shock, Intense Shock, Extreme Intensity Shock, Danger: Severe Shock. Two switches after this last designation were simply marked XXX. (Obedience 20) The authenticity of the generator was validated by giving the â€Å"naive subject† a 45 volt shock to the wrist. The test which the â€Å"naive subject† thought was a test for memory, was actually to test a person’s willingness to follow authority. Therefore, as the voltage was to increase, there were acted protests by â€Å"the victim† which made the â€Å"naive subject† less willing to continue. However, if the â€Å"naive subject† was having second thoughts about continuing, the â€Å"experimenter† was to give â€Å"prods† each more aggressive as the â€Å"naive subject† continued to protest, Prod 1: Please continue, or, Please go on. Prod 2: The experiment requires that you continue. Prod 3: It is absolutely essential that you continue. Prod 4: You have no other choice you must go on (Obedience 21). Feeling obligated even though â€Å"the victim† responded with cries of pain and eventually no answer, the majority of those did continue. The results of this experiment were interesting. In the primary experiment 26 out of 40 people continued to shock a person with what he or she believed to be 450 volts for an incorrect answer, or if they did not respond within a time limit set by the â€Å"experimenter. Another variation of this experiment he performed in which he: placed the learner closer to the teacher, including one in which the teacher actually had to force the learner’s hand onto a shock plate in order to punish him; about 30 percent of subjects continued the variation until the end (Fermaglich 86). You read "The Milgram Experiment" in category "Papers" There was another variation which used on ly women. The results were the same as those for men. Over three years, Dr. Milgram performed 24 different variations of his original experiment, and tested over 1,000 people. There was also one case in which Dr. Milgram videotaped a subject’s obedience, â€Å"In the full version of Milgram’s film Prozi [the subject] is shown ending up being completely obedient- that is, administering a 450-volt shock to the unseen learner† (Blass). Another result of this experiment was the experiment had a huge impact on those who were the subjects. It resulted in high levels of stress in those who were subjects, whether they obeyed or disobeyed, which Dr. Milgram himself admitted to happening, and so he had to provide a meeting for the subject and the learner, in order to try to alleviate that stress (Fermaglich 87). Although the experiment was performed many times, and on many different people, this proved that the majority will follow orders when they are given, even if it goes against their conscience. These were not the only results from this experiment; people had other thoughts about Dr. Milgram’s experiment. There have been many who have wondered why a man would perform a test that many people consider to be a violation of a person’s basic rights. Dr. Milgram had many reasons behind performed these experiments. Dr. Milgram believed â€Å"When you think of the long and gloomy history of man, you will ind more hideous crimes have been committed in the name of obedience than have ever been committed in the name of rebellion† (Obedience 2). He wanted to be able to prove his belief that the â€Å"answer to destructive obedience lay less in the power of personality and more in the power of situation† (Slater 31). He also performed it with relation to the Holocaust, an d since Milgram, â€Å"a Jewish man whose relatives had hidden from the Nazis and been interned in concentration camps, [he] constructed his experiments in order to understand Nazi evil† (Fermaglich 84). Another idea posed as a reason for Dr. Milgram’s performance was the thought of â€Å"self-other bias (Brown, 1986) [which] is the general tendency for people to rate themselves as better than ‘typical others’† (Geher, Bauman, Hubbard, and Legare 3). There were those who believed the experiment to be unethical, and others who seem to be enlightened with a sense of self realization. One person found Dr. Milgram’s experiment to give him a better sense of who he was: I felt a shock of recognition, and the immediate knowledge that I could do such a thing, unsteady as I am. And I knew I could do such a thing, not because some strange set of circumstances propelled me to, no†¦It was not external. It was internal (Slater 62) However most other people who did not participate in the experiment did not feel this way, they felt this experiment was â€Å"the subject of enormous controversy, centered on the contention that his research subjects had been unethically manipulated, without due regard for their rights or emotional well-being† (Schwartz). In the field of psychology there was an uproar, with those who found the experiment to be reprehensible. One of those people was Diana Baumrind who questioned the obedience experiment, with concern for the welfare of the subjects, and curiosity over measures taken to protect those involved and voiced her concerns in American Psychologist (Individual 140). Dr. Baumrind’s article concerning the experiment resulted in the revision of APA ethical guidelines, which went with those laid down by the federal government, which limited the use of humans as subjects in the medical and psychological field (Fermaglich 103). Many found what Dr. Milgram did to be unethical, however because of it people now have a better understanding of what they are able to do, and they are able to apply his findings to other situations that have occurred, and may happen in the future. This experiment may be applied to a multitude of different subjects that are in a person’s every day life. The major subject would be the Nazis during World War II, which was a motive for Dr. Milgram to do the experiment in the beginning. It explores why a citizen who â€Å"ran the death camps seemed to be ordinary â€Å"decent† citizens, with consciences no different from those of any of us† (Velasquez et al). Dr. Milgram also compares the killing of Jews in the gas chambers to the manufacturing of appliances, and he says all of those deaths could not have occurred if a large number of people did not obey orders (Obedience 1). The ideas that Dr. Milgram came up with were applied as an explanation for â€Å"the massacre of hundreds of Vietnamese civilians at My Lai and the criminal activities in Nixon’s White House: ‘Stanley Milgram†¦ demonstrated in the laboratory what Lt. William Calley and his unit would dramatize later in Mylai- that man’s behavior is almost invariably dominated by authority rather than by his own morality’† (Fermaglich 111). This idea is also exemplified on television, as on a recent episode of â€Å"Law and Order: S. V. U. † viewers encounter a manager of a fast food restaurant who blatantly obeys the orders of a voice over the phone saying that he is â€Å"Detective Milgram. † The manager is told that an employee stole the wallet of a customer, and â€Å"Detective Milgram† tells the manager to strip the girl of all of her clothing except for her apron, and to perform a cavity search, to look for the wallet. Later in the episode we encounter the man who posed as â€Å"Detective Milgram† who performed his own variation of the experiment, because he had been like the manager, when he allowed the doctor to go against his advice, which resulted in the death of his wife. During school, a person may be faced with a similar situation. One being seeing a person cheat on a test. The person is put in a situation with two choices, neither desirable. The person may tell the teacher, which results in anger from the person who was told on, as well as a loss of time for that person to take their own test. The other option is to do nothing, which in the long run will hurt the student as he or she never learned the material, as he or she was suppose to. Typically a student will choose the latter, and ignore the situation, which ends up hurting the other student. This examination can be viewed on a vast number of levels, but that does not change the facts and ideas behind what happened. Dr. Milgram performed a venture which is thought to have been unethical, as he tested a person’s willingness to follow orders and do as he or she was told. He discovered the majority would actually do so, even if they believed they were hurting an innocent person. The controversial research has had a variety of impacts on every different person. For some they have a self realization, thinking of why type of person he or she is and if they are sheep, blindly following authority. Works Cited for Research Paper: Blass, Thomasm. â€Å"The Milgram Obedience Experiment: Support for a Cognitive View of Defensive Attribution. † The Journal of Social Psychology (1996). library. Web. 24 Nov. 2009. . Fermaglich, Kirsten. American Dreams and Nazi Nightmares : Early Holocaust Consciousness and Liberal America, 1957-1965. Waltham, Mass. : Brandeis University Press, 2006. Geher, Glenn, Kathleen P. Bauman, Sara Elizabeth Kay Hubbard, and Jared Richard Legare. â€Å"Self and Other Obedience Estimates: Biases and Moderators. † The Journal of Social Psychology 142. 6 (2002): 677. Web. 24 Nov. 2009. Milgram, Stanley. Obedience to Authority. N ew York: Harper Perennial, 1974. Milgram, Stanley. The Individual in a Social World: Essays and Experiments. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1977. Schwartz, Earl. â€Å"Why Some Ask Why. † Judaism 53. 3/4 (2004): 230. elibrary. Web. 24 Nov. 2009. Slater, Lauren. Opening Skinner’s Box: Great Psychological Experiments of the Twentieth Century. New York: W. W. Norton, 2004. Velasquez, Manuel, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S. J. , and Michael J. Meyer. â€Å"Conscience and Authority. † Santa Clara University. 12/03/2009 . How to cite The Milgram Experiment, Papers The Milgram Experiment Free Essays Stanley Milgram: ‘electric shock’ experiments (1963) – also showed the power of the situation in influencing behaviour. 65% of people could be easily induced into giving a stranger an electric shock of 450V (enough to kill someone). 100% of people could be influenced into giving a 275V shock. We will write a custom essay sample on The Milgram Experiment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Milgram Experiment Stanley Milgram (1963) Experiment: Focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. Investigate: Whether Germans were particularly obedient to authority figures as this was a common explanation for the Nazi killings in World War II. Milgram selected participants for his experiment by advertising for male participants to take part in a study of learning at Yale University. The procedure was that the participant was paired with another person and they drew lots to find out who would be the ‘learner’ and who would be the ‘teacher’. The draw was fixed so that the participant was always the teacher, and the learner was one of Milgram’s confederates (pretending to be a real participant). The learner (a confederate called Mr. Wallace) was taken into a room and had electrodes attached to his arms, and the teacher and researcher went into a room next door that contained an electric shock generator and a row of switches marked from 15 volts (Slight Shock) to 375 volts (Danger: Severe Shock) to 450 volts (XXX). Milgram’s Experiment Aim: Milgram (1963) was interested in researching how far people would go in obeying an instruction if it involved harming another person. Stanley Milgram was interested in how easily ordinary people could be influenced into committing atrocities for example, Germans in WWII. Procedure: Volunteers were recruited for a lab experiment investigating â€Å"learning† (ethics: deception). Participants were 40 males, aged between 20 and 50, (bias: All male) whose jobs ranged from unskilled to professional. At the beginning of the experiment they were introduced to another participant, who was actually a confederate of the experimenter (Milgram). They drew straws to determine their roles – leaner or teacher – although this was fixed and the confederate always ended to the learner. There was also an â€Å"experimenter† dressed in a white lab coat, played by an actor (not Milgram). The â€Å"learner† (Mr. Wallace) was strapped to a chair in another room with electrodes. After he has learned a list of word pairs given him to learn, the â€Å"teacher† tests him by naming a word and asking the learner to recall its partner/pair from a list of four possible choices. The teacher is told to administer an electric shock every time the learner makes a mistake, increasing the level of shock each time. There were 30 switches on the shock generator marked from 15 volts (slight shock) to 450 (danger – severe shock). The learner gave mainly wrong answers (on purpose) and for each of these the teacher gave him an electric shock. When the teacher refused to administer a shock and turned to the experimenter for guidance, he was given the standard instruction /order (consisting of 4 prods): Prod 1: please continue. Prod 2:  the experiment requires you to continue. Prod 3: It is absolutely essential that you continue. Prod 4: you have no other choice but to continue. Results: 65% (two-thirds) of participants (i. e. teachers) continued to the highest level of 450 volts. All the participants continued to 300 volts. Milgram did more than one experiment – he carried out 18 variations of his study. All he did was alter the situation (IV) to see how this affected obedience (DV). Conclusion: Ordinary people are likely to follow orders given by an authority figure, even to the extent of killing an innocent human being. Obedience to authority is ingrained in us all from the way we are brought up. Obey parents, teachers, anyone in authority etc. Milgram summed up in the article â€Å"The Perils of Obedience† (Milgram 1974), writing: â€Å"The legal and philosophic aspects of obedience are of enormous import, but they say very little about how most people behave in concrete situations. I set up a simple experiment at Yale University to test how much pain an ordinary citizen would inflict on another person simply because he was ordered to by an experimental scientist. Stark authority was pitted against the subjects’ [participants’] strongest moral imperatives against hurting others, and, with the subjects’ [participants’] ears ringing with the screams of the victims, authority won more often than not. The extreme willingness of adults to go to almost any lengths on the command of an authority constitutes the chief finding of the study and the fact most urgently demanding explanation. Factors Affecting Obedience The Milgram experiment was carried out many times whereby Milgram varied the basic procedure (changed the IV). By doing this Milgram could identify which factors affected obedience (the DV). Status of Location| Personal Responsibility| * The orders were given in an important location (Yale University) – when Milgram’s study was conducted in a run-down office in the city, obedience levels dropped. * This suggests that prestige increases obedience. | *   When there is less personal responsibility obedience increases. When participants could instruct an assistant to press the switches, 95% (compared to 65% in the original study) shocked to the maximum 450 volts. * This relates to Milgram’s Agency Theory. | Legitimacy of Authority Figure| Status of Authority Figure| * People tend to obey orders from other people if they recognize their authority as morally right and / or legally based. * This response to legitimate authority is learned in a variety of situations, for example in the family, school and workplace. | *   Milgram’s experimenter wore a laboratory coat (a symbol of scientific expertise) which gave him a high status. But when the experimenter dressed in everyday clothes obedience was very low. * The  uniform  of the authority figure can give them status. | Peer Support | Proximity of Authority Figure| * Peer support – if a person has the social support of their friend(s) then obedience is less likely. * Also the presence of others who are seen to disobey the authority figure reduces the level of obedience. This happened in Milgram’s experiment when there was a â€Å"disobedient model†. | *   Authority figure distant: It is easier to resist the orders from an authority figure if they are not close by. When the experimenter instructed and prompted the teacher by telephone from another room, obedience fell to 20. 5%. * When the authority figure is close by then obedience is more likely. | Methodological Issues The  Milgram studies  were conducted in laboratory type conditions and we must ask if this tells us much about real-life situations. We obey in a variety of real-life situations that are far more subtle than instructions to give people electric shocks, and it would be interesting to see what factors operate in everyday obedience. The sort of situation Milgram investigated would be more suited to a military context. Milgram’s sample was biased: The participants in Milgram’s study were all male. Do the findings transfer to females? In Milgram’s study the participants were a self-selecting sample. This is because they became participants only by electing to respond to a newspaper advertisement (selecting themselves). They may also have a typical â€Å"volunteer personality† – not all the newspaper readers responded so perhaps it takes this personality type to do so. Finally, they probably all had a similar income since they were willing to spend some hours working for a given amount of money. Ethical Issues *   Deception  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the participants actually believed they were shocking a real person, and were unaware the learner was a confederate of Milgram’s *   Protection of participants  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Participants were exposed to extremely stressful situations that may have the potential to cause psychological harm. * However, Milgram did  debrief  the participants fully after the experiment and also followed up after a period of time to ensure that they came to no harm. How to cite The Milgram Experiment, Papers

Dropbox free essay sample

Dropbox was created in 2007 and launched to the public a year later. It was founded by Drew Houston and Arash Ferdowski; who were classmates together at MIT in the early 2000’s. The created a product that allows you to sync you computers together by using a cloud to share files between the different computers. At the time of creation there were existing products in the market but they believed that they created a product that would simplify the process as well as make it secure and reliable for the customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Dropbox or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Their plan was to differentiate themselves form their competitors based off these factors. For a customer of Dropbox it allows them to easily and reliably share files between their computers or devices. They believed that the existing products were unreliable and would only allow u to share a certain amount of files. Their product would be reliable and easy to use for the customers. They would also get a free 2G worth of space or could but additional space if they needed to. This is something seen by a few competitors but not all of them. They also created a product that can be used for both business and personal use. Dropbox will do something that also differentiates itself form their competitor. They will use Amazons server to provide the customers space the store files. This will be rented from Amazon and will drastically decrease the amount of money they spend to provide space. Owning their own servers will be costly to purchase and maintain for Dropbox. They also only hired engineers to their company in the early going to be able to continue to improve the technology they are providing. To keep improving their product they offered beta testers the opportunity to test the product and see how they like it. They also listened to their customers after the launched to see what they liked and did not like. This led them to develop a feature of the product that allows the customer to provide feedback to the company. They also observed users using the product to see if it fit the needs of a basic user, which turned out to be very beneficial to the company. Dropbox launched their product in 2008. While the product was still in beta it began to gain customers through various websites and technological competitions for startup companies. This allowed Dropbox to get their name out there to the people who most likely are already using similar products or have the need for this product. When they launched the product they used the freemium business model where they offered free use for up to 2G of space and you could pay a premium for more space. They wanted to grow rapidly in the market to gain as big of market share as possible in the shortest amount of time. They also found great success from word of mouth referrals and viral marketing campaigns. Dropbox’s biggest problem they needed to solve early on was their customer acquisition rate. They found that in the early going to cost about 300 dollars per customer they had pay. This was due to the amount of free space given away to the amount that people were paying for. This does not set them up to be successful financially if it didn’t improve. Dropbox was able to figure this out and lower their costs but utilizing more word of mouth referrals. Dropbox was fortunate enough to have backers that supported their company in the early going with enough money to keep the company going until they could gain the following needed to decrease costs. They have a greater opportunity for profit then most of their competitors because of their use of Amazon’s server instead of buying and maintaining their own, especially with the decreasing rate of renting server space.